Global Health: An Annotated Bibliography (GEHIG)

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Contents

Lit Searches

  1. General Search
  2. Brain Drain
  3. Refugees & Displacement
  4. GH Research
  5. Social Determinants of Health
  6. Global Burden of Disease

To organize

  1. Dying for Growth
  2. Paul Farmer
    1. Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues, Updated Edition With a New Preface
      • World-systems theory: Immanuel Wallerstein, Sidney Mintz, Eric Wolf
    2. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor
    3. The Uses of Haiti, Updated Edition
    4. AIDS and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blame (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care)
    5. About Farmer: Tracy Kidder, Mountains Beyond Mountains: Healing the World: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer
  3. Laurie Garrett
    1. The Coming Plague : Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance
    2. Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health
  4. Albert Camus, The Plague
  5. Eric Fromm, Escape From Freedom
  6. Jonathan M. Mann (ed.) (1999) Health and Human Rights
  7. Stephen Clarkson (Economist, U Toronto) International economic analyses with economicst from around of the world of the impact of free trade agreements (PH)
  8. Alejandro Nadal (Economist, Mexico) Part of S. Clarkson's project. (PH)
    • Impact of NAFTA and US-Mexico corn trade (Available on-line and as part of PH's collection)
  9. Walter Rodney (Guyanese) How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Howard University Press (PH)
  10. Arundhati Roy
    1. Peace & The New Corporate Liberation Theology (The 2004 Sydney Peace Prize lecture delivered by Arundhati Roy, at the Seymour Theatre Centre, University of Sydney.)
  11. James Orbinsky - Former MSF President
    1. Orbinski J. Access to medicines and global health: will Canada lead or flounder? CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 170(2):224-6, 2004 Jan 20.
    2. Orbinski J. The G8 fails global health. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 167(5):481-2, 2002 Sep 3.
    3. Trouiller P. Olliaro P. Torreele E. Orbinski J. Laing R. Ford N. Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure. Lancet. 359(9324):2188-94, 2002 Jun 22.
    4. Ridley RG. Lob-Levyt J. Sachs J. Johns D. Evans T. Bale HE. Quick JD. Orbinski J. Round table. A role for public-private partnerships in controlling neglected diseases?. [Journal Article] Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 79(8):771-7, 2001.
  1. Amartya Sen (Economist, on Poverty, Health, Dev Econ)
  1. The Global Burden of Disease study
  2. Ronald Labonte (Canada)
  1. Noam Chomsky
  2. Ivan Illich
  3. Eduardo Galeano
    1. The Open Veins of Latin America
    2. Memory of Fire
  4. Howard Zinn
    1. People's History of the United States
  1. Sachs (JD?) Economist
  2. George Soros
  3. Milton Friedman
  1. Marcos
  2. Franz Fanon
  3. Alioune Diop
  4. Aimé Cesaire
    1. Discours sur le colonialisme (1955, trans. Discourse on Colonialism, 1972)
  5. Cheikh Anta Diop (Afrocentric Historian)



"International Development"

  1. Rahnema, M (Ed.) The Post Development Reader
  2. Marshall Sahlins, The Original Affluent Society in Rahnema, M (Ed.) The Post Development Reader. (Chapter is abbridged version of opening chapter of Sahlins' Stone Age Economics (1972))
    • Note Simple measures of material poverty can easily miss the point. A society or cultural system which maintains its systemic health (stability, flexibility) can be vibrant, its people affluent, even in the absence of material wealth. They can be happy, healthy.
    • Summary Argues against the popular view that tribal life in a subsistance economy is difficult and unpleasant, the corrallery to which is that it is desirable to "develop" such societies. Sahlins does not discount the difficulties and costs of such life (infanticide & senilicide), but argues that they are very different from those that have been traditionally attributed to it. Using anthropological studies of hunter gatherers from Africa and Austrailia he argues that in the absence of outside pressures and exposures such people enjoy (or enjoyed until their livelihoods came underattack from the outside) near full satisfaction of their material wants, with ample leisure time. Thus, while having few material goods (a necessity for a life of frequent movement) and being materially poor, they are "affluent." Sahlins characterizes the modern economic view as providing not only more goods & services and but also more needs which must exceed the material goods provided, thus forming a constant sense of depravation which motivates the "progress" on which the system depends.
    • "An Affluent society is one in which all the people's material wants are easilty satisfied. To assert that hunters are affluent is to deny, then, that the human condition is an ordained tragedy, with man the prisoner sentenced to the hard labout of living with the perpetual disparity between his unlimited wants and his insufficient means."
    • "Fro there are two possible course to affluence. Wants may be 'easily satisfied' either by producing much or desiring little. The familiar [Galbraithian] conception...makes assumptions peculiarly appropriate to markeet economies: that man's wants are great, no to say infinite, whereas his means are limited, although improvable: thus, the gap between means and ends can be narrowerd by industrial productivity, at least to the point that 'urgent good' becomes plentiful. But there is also a Zen way to affluence, departing from premisses somewhat different from our own: that human material wants are finite and few, and technical means unchanging but on the whole adequate. Adopting the Zen strategy, a people can enjoy an unparalleled material plenty - with a low standard of living."
    • "Destutt de Tracy ... [observed] ... that 'in poor nations the people are comfortable', whereas in rich nations 'they are generally poor'."
  3. Ronald Wright Brief History of Progress
    • Hunter-gatheres vs. Farming. The notion of progress trap allowing runaway (unsustainable) growth that depletes the substrated faster than it is replenished thus precipitatin a crash.

Military Interventions

  1. Romeo Dallair, Shaking Hands with the Devil


Corporations

  1. Joel Bakan, The corporation.
  2. John Perkins, Confessions of an Economic Hitman.
  3. Marcia Angell, The Truth About Drug Companies
    • In the past two years, we have started to see, for the first time the beginnings of public resistance to rapacious pricing an other dubious practices of the pharmaceutical industry. It is mainly because of this resistance that drug companies are now blanketing us with public relations messages. And the magic words, repeated over and over like an incantation, are research, innovation, and American. Research. Innovation. American. It makes a great story.
    • But while the rhetoric is stirring, it has very little to do with reality. First, research and development (R&D) is a relatively small part of the budgets of the big drug companies—dwarfed by their vast expenditures on marketing and administration, and smaller even than profits. In fact, year after year, for over two decades, this industry has been far and away the most profitable in the United States. (In 2003, for the first time, the industry lost its first-place position, coming in third, behind "mining, crude oil production," and "commercial banks.") The prices drug companies charge have little relationship to the costs of making the drugs and could be cut dramatically without coming anywhere close to threatening R&D.
    • Second, the pharmaceutical industry is not especially innovative. As hard as it is to believe, only a handful of truly important drugs have been brought to market in recent years, and they were mostly based on taxpayer-funded research at academic institutions, small biotechnology companies, or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The great majority of "new" drugs are not new at all but merely variations of older drugs already on the market. These are called "me-too" drugs. The idea is to grab a share of an established, lucrative market by producing something very similar to a top-selling drug. For instance, we now have six statins (Mevacor, Lipitor, Zocor, Pravachol, Lescol, and the newest, Crestor) on the market to lower cholesterol, all variants of the first. As Dr. Sharon Levine, associate executive director of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, put it,
    • "If I'm a manufacturer and I can change one molecule and get another twenty years of patent rights, and convince physicians to prescribe and consumers to demand the next form of Prilosec, or weekly Prozac instead of daily Prozac, just as my patent expires, then why would I be spending money on a lot less certain endeavor, which is looking for brand-new drugs?[4]"
    • Third, the industry is hardly a model of American free enterprise. To be sure, it is free to decide which drugs to develop (me-too drugs instead of innovative ones, for instance), and it is free to price them as high as the traffic will bear, but it is utterly dependent on government-granted monopolies—in the form of patents and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved exclusive marketing rights. If it is not particularly innovative in discovering new drugs, it is highly innovative— and aggressive—in dreaming up ways to extend its monopoly rights.
    • Some of the European companies are now locating their R&D operations in the United States. They claim the reason for this is that we don't regulate prices, as does much of the rest of the world. But more likely it is that they want to feed on the unparalleled research output of American universities and the NIH. In other words, it's not private enterprise that draws them here but the very opposite—our publicly sponsored research enterprise.
    • Of the seventy-eight drugs approved by the FDA in 2002, only seventeen contained new active ingredients, and only seven of these were classified by the FDA as improvements over older drugs. The other seventy-one drugs approved that year were variations of old drugs or deemed no better than drugs already on the market. In other words, they were me-too drugs. Seven of seventy-eight is not much of a yield. Furthermore, of those seven, not one came from a major US drug company. [18]
  4. Jeffrey Mervis (2005) Pharma goes to work. Science 309:721.
    • Introducing the special issue of Science on drug discovery, Mervis paints a picture that is very difficult to reconcile with the hard stats provided by Marcia Angell. Focusing primarily on private/industrial components of drug research the article highlights the the fact that only one if five drugs that go through trials eventually make it to market. The emphasis on the difficulties & risks involved is entirely oblivious to the profit margins and market succees of the industry and paints an all to naive picture of these companies and their intenterest in "making a difference". "As the eight stories in this package and related articles in two of Science's online publications make abundantly clear, the process of discovering new drugs is fiendishly complex, vastly expensive, and wildly unpredictable." He fails to add vastly profitable as well. To his credit he does note, in a significant understatement, that "[w]ithin companies, marketing departments are said to exert an undue influence at times on scientific decisions about which projects move through the lab and into clinical trials."
  5. Jerry Avorn (2005) Sending pharma better signals. Science 309:669. (editorial)
    • Makes very similar points to Angell. "It's time to reassess what drives the discovery of new drugs. In its advertisements, one pharmaceutical company links innovation directly to its revenues: "Today's medicines finance tomorrow's miracles." If that formula really worked, we would have long since entered the golden age of therapeutics. After all, the pharmaceutical industry has been one of the most profitable businesses in America for years. Yet the number of new drugs emerging from most major pharmaceutical companies has been disappointing. What's wrong and how could things go better?" He continues "From one narrow perspective, nothing is wrong. These companies are investor-owned, publicly traded entities whose main responsibility is to provide shareholders with an optimal return on their investment. For most of the past 15 years, they have done a very good job at this, responding to signals sent from the marketplace. However, those signals often lead industry priorities in a direction that is lucrative but not well aligned with the health needs of the public." The FDA he observes "rarely comments on the therapeutic importance of a new drug and never on its cost-effectiveness. Clinical trials comparing a new drug with existing treatments are typically required only when placebo controls are ethically unacceptable. The path to change in the right direction, Avorn suggests, should begin with a changing of signals. Systems that present the companies "with more intelligent incentives [than financial ones] would help move them along the right path. Those companies are adept at responding to signals; we need to send them the right ones."


Displacement & Refugees


Poverty


Genocide

  1. Ward Churchill (and, for amusement, Ann Coulter on Ward Churchill: The little injun that could)
    1. The justice of roosting chickens.
    2. A little matter of genocide (Some essays from this volume are available on the web) (PH)
      1. Assaults on truth and memory: Holocaust denial in context Part 1 - Part 2
      2. Lie for lie
  2. Ian Hancock, (PH)
  3. Michael Mandell (Laywer, Osgood) (PH)
    1. How Americal gets away with murder (legal analysis; contains section in last chapter on the use of "human rights" to justify aggression)
  4. Edward Herman (Written with Chomsky previously) on former Yoguslavia and the genocide.
  5. Raphael Lemkin - Original definition and discussion of the term "Genocide". See comparisons with the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide which was based on this work, in Ward Churchill, Lie for lie in A little matter of genocide
    1. Key workd on Genocide
    2. (1946) Genocide
    3. (1944) Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation - Analysis of Goverment - Proposals for Redress
  6. The Truth Comission into Genocide in Canada: Hidden from history: the Canadian holocaust
    • First recorded use of the term "Final Solution" in context of population liquidation was made by Duncan Scott, an Indian Affairs official in Canada in 1910.

Annual Reports

National Governmental Organizations

Canada

Multilateral/International Bodies

NGOs

2004 at a glance ]

Movies

Documentary

  1. Trinity & Beyond: The Atomic Bomb Movie
  2. Nuclear 911
  3. Nuclear Café
  4. Hiroshima-Nagasaki: August 6, 1945, 1970, documentary, Barnouw
  5. Barefoot Gen, anime, 1995, Mori
  6. Black Rain, 1989, Imamura
  7. Rhapsody in August, 1991, Kurosawa
  8. Hellfire: A Journey from Hiroshima, 1987, Junkerman
  9. Hiroshima: Why the Bomb Was Dropped, 1995, Jennings, ABC News.
  10. The Qatsi Trilogy (Film)
    1. Koyaanisqatsi: Life Out of Balance (1983)
    2. Powaqqatsi: Life in Transformation (1988)
    3. Naqoyqatsi: Life as Wa (2002)
  11. Baraka
  12. Notícias de uma Guerra Particular (News From a Personal War Documentary, 1999)# Manufacturing Concent
  13. The Corporation
  14. Fast, Cheap and Out of Control
  15. Jaqueline Salloum, Planet of the Arabs
  16. Darwin's Nightmare

Drama

  1. Dr. Strangelove
  2. City of God
  3. The Barbarian Invasions
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